A yayin da ake fuskantar ƙaruwar sare dazuzzuka, lalacewar dazuzzuka, da kuma barazanar sauyin yanayi, gora da rattan suna fitowa a matsayin jarumai da ba a taɓa jin labarinsu ba a ƙoƙarin neman mafita mai ɗorewa. Duk da cewa ba a sanya su a matsayin bishiyoyi ba - gora ciyawa ce kuma rattan dabino mai hawa - waɗannan tsire-tsire masu amfani suna taka muhimmiyar rawa wajen kiyaye bambancin halittu a cikin dazuzzuka a duk duniya. Binciken da aka gudanar kwanan nan wanda Ƙungiyar Bamboo da Rattan ta Duniya (INBAR) da Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew, suka gano nau'ikan gora sama da 1600 da nau'ikan rattan 600, waɗanda suka mamaye Afirka, Asiya, da Amurka.
Tushen Rayuwa ga Flora da Fauna
Bamboo da Rattan suna aiki a matsayin muhimman hanyoyin samun abinci da mafaka ga namun daji da dama, gami da nau'ikan halittu da dama da ke fuskantar barazanar ɓacewa. Babban Panda mai suna, tare da abincin da ya fi mayar da hankali kan bamboo wanda ya kai kilogiram 40 a rana, misali ɗaya ne kawai. Bayan Panda, halittu kamar ja panda, gorilla na dutse, giwa ta Indiya, beyar mai kyan gani ta Kudancin Amurka, kunkuru na noma, da lemur na Madagascar bamboo duk sun dogara ne akan bamboo don abinci mai gina jiki. 'Ya'yan itacen Rattan suna ba da muhimmiyar abinci ga tsuntsaye daban-daban, jemagu, birai, da kuma beyar rana ta Asiya.
Baya ga kiyaye dabbobin daji, gora ta zama tushen abinci mai mahimmanci ga dabbobi, tana ba da abinci mai araha ga shanu, kaji, da kifi a duk shekara. Binciken INBAR ya nuna yadda abinci mai ɗauke da ganyen gora ke ƙara darajar abinci mai gina jiki, ta haka ne ke ƙara yawan samar da madarar shanu a kowace shekara a yankuna kamar Ghana da Madagascar.
Muhimman Ayyukan Tsarin Yanayi
Rahoton INBAR da CIFOR na shekarar 2019 ya nuna nau'ikan ayyukan muhalli daban-daban da ke tasiri ga yanayin halittu da dazuzzukan bamboo ke bayarwa, wanda ya zarce na filayen kiwo, filayen noma, da dazuzzukan da suka lalace ko suka lalace. Rahoton ya jaddada rawar da bamboo ke takawa wajen bayar da ayyuka masu tsari, kamar gyaran yanayin ƙasa, kula da zaftarewar ƙasa, sake cika ruwan ƙasa, da kuma tsaftace ruwa. Bugu da ƙari, bamboo yana ba da gudummawa sosai wajen tallafawa rayuwar karkara, yana mai da shi madadin dazuzzukan noma ko wuraren da suka lalace.
Wani abin lura game da yanayin ƙasa na bamboo shine ikonsa na dawo da ƙasar da ta lalace. Tsarin tushen ƙasa na bamboo mai faɗi yana ɗaure ƙasa, yana hana kwararar ruwa, kuma yana rayuwa koda lokacin da gobara ta lalata biomass ɗin da ke sama. Ayyukan da INBAR ke tallafawa a wurare kamar Allahabad, Indiya, sun nuna ƙaruwar ruwan da kuma sauya yankin haƙar bulo da ya zama ƙasar noma mai amfani. A Habasha, bamboo shine nau'in da aka fi mayar da hankali a cikin wani shiri da Bankin Duniya ya ɗauki nauyinsa don dawo da yankunan da suka lalace a cikin ruwa, wanda ya ƙunshi hekta miliyan 30 a duk duniya.
Tushen Rayuwa Mai Dorewa
Bamboo da Rattan, kasancewar albarkatun da ke girma cikin sauri da kuma sake farfaɗo da kansu, suna aiki a matsayin kariya daga sare dazuzzuka da kuma asarar bambancin halittu da ke tattare da su. Girman su cikin sauri da yawan amfanin gona mai yawa yana ba da damar dazuzzukan bamboo su samar da ƙarin yawan halittu fiye da dazuzzukan halitta da na dasa, wanda hakan ke sa su zama masu matuƙar amfani ga abinci, kiwon dabbobi, katako, makamashin halittu, da kayan gini. Rattan, a matsayin shuka mai cike da sauri, ana iya girbe shi ba tare da cutar da bishiyoyi ba.
Haɗakar kariyar bambancin halittu da rage talauci a bayyane take a cikin shirye-shirye kamar Shirin Ci Gaban Bamboo na Holland-Sino-East Africa na INBAR. Ta hanyar dasa bamboo a yankunan da ke cikin wuraren shakatawa na ƙasa, wannan shirin ba wai kawai yana samar wa al'ummomin yankin kayan gini masu ɗorewa da albarkatun sana'o'i ba ne, har ma yana kare mazaunin gwaggon dutse na gida.
Wani aikin INBAR a Chishui, China, ya mayar da hankali kan farfaɗo da fasahar bamboo. Tare da haɗin gwiwar UNESCO, wannan shirin yana tallafawa ayyukan rayuwa mai ɗorewa ta amfani da bamboo mai girma cikin sauri a matsayin tushen samun kuɗi. Chishui, wani wurin tarihi na UNESCO, yana sanya tsauraran matakai don kiyaye muhallinsa, kuma bamboo ya zama muhimmin abu wajen haɓaka kiyaye muhalli da walwalar tattalin arziki.
Matsayin INBAR wajen Inganta Ayyuka Masu Dorewa
Tun daga shekarar 1997, INBAR ta yi fafutukar kare muhimmancin bamboo da rattan don ci gaba mai dorewa, gami da kare gandun daji da kuma kiyaye bambancin halittu. Abin lura shi ne, kungiyar ta taka muhimmiyar rawa wajen bunkasa manufofin bamboo na kasar Sin, tana ba da shawarwari ta hanyar ayyuka kamar Aikin Bamboo Biodiversity Project.
A halin yanzu, INBAR tana aiki wajen tsara taswirar rarraba bamboo a duk duniya, tana ba da shirye-shiryen horarwa ga dubban masu cin gajiyar sa kowace shekara daga ƙasashen membobinta don haɓaka ingantaccen tsarin kula da albarkatu. A matsayinta na mai lura da Yarjejeniyar Majalisar Dinkin Duniya kan Bambancin Halittu, INBAR tana fafutukar ganin an haɗa bamboo da rattan a cikin bambancin halittu na ƙasa da na yanki da kuma tsara dazuzzuka.
A taƙaice, bamboo da rattan suna fitowa a matsayin ƙawaye masu ƙarfi a yaƙi da sare dazuzzuka da asarar bambancin halittu. Waɗannan tsire-tsire, waɗanda galibi ake watsi da su a cikin manufofin gandun daji saboda rarrabuwarsu ba bishiyoyi ba, suna nuna ƙarfinsu a matsayin kayan aiki masu ƙarfi don ci gaba mai ɗorewa da kiyaye muhalli. Rawar da ke tsakanin waɗannan tsire-tsire masu juriya da yanayin halittu da suke zaune a ciki ta nuna ikon yanayi na samar da mafita idan aka ba su dama.
Lokacin Saƙo: Disamba-10-2023
