Bamboo ciyawa ce, babban shukar ciyawa mai ɗanɗano a cikin dangin ciyawa (Poaceae) tare da wasu halaye na musamman: Shuke-shuken wasu nau'ikan suna girma daga santimita 70 zuwa mita ɗaya (inci 27.5 da inci 39.3). . Tana da ikon kama carbon dioxide sau uku zuwa huɗu a rana fiye da sauran tsirrai, tana fure a matsakaici a kowace shekara 100 zuwa 150 amma sai ta mutu, saiwoyinta ba su fi zurfin santimita 100 ba (inci 39.3), kodayake tsayinsu lokacin da ya girma, saiwoyinta na iya kaiwa mita 25 (ƙafa 82.02) cikin shekaru uku kacal, kuma suna iya samar da inuwa har sau 60 a yankin, amma ba fiye da murabba'in mita 3 ba. Manuel Trillo da Antonio Vega-Rioja, masana ilmin halittu biyu da aka horar a Jami'ar Seville da ke kudancin Spain, sun ƙirƙiri wurin kiwon bamboo na farko da aka ba da takardar shaida a Turai. Dakin gwajinsu dakin gwaje-gwaje ne na tsirrai don bincika da amfani da duk fa'idodin da shuka ke bayarwa, amma ra'ayoyin mutane game da waɗannan fa'idodin sun fi tushen shukar ƙarfi.
Akwai otal-otal, gidaje, makarantu da gadoji na gora. Wannan ciyawar da ta fi saurin girma a duniya, tana samar da abinci, iskar oxygen, da inuwa, kuma tana da ikon rage yanayin zafi na muhalli da digiri 15 na Celsius idan aka kwatanta da saman da hasken rana ke haskakawa. Duk da haka, tana ɗaukar nauyin ƙarya na ɗaukar nau'in da ke mamaye ta, duk da cewa kusan 20 ne kawai daga cikin nau'ikan da aka gano sama da 1,500 ake ɗaukar su masu mamaye ta, kuma a wasu yankuna ne kawai.
"Ƙiyayya tana tasowa ne daga rikitar asali da ɗabi'a. Dankali, tumatir da lemu suma ba asalinsu ba ne a Turai, amma ba sa yin illa ga muhalli. Ba kamar ganye ba, saiwar bamboo tana tsakiya. Tana samar da tushe ɗaya kawai [reshe daga ƙafa ɗaya, furanni ko ƙaya]," in ji Vega Rioja.
Mahaifin Vega Rioja, wani mai zane-zanen fasaha, ya fara sha'awar waɗannan masana'antu. Ya miƙa sha'awarsa ga ɗansa a matsayin masanin ilmin halittu, kuma tare da abokin aikinsa Manuel Trillo, suka kafa dakin gwaje-gwajen tsire-tsire na muhalli don yin nazari da gabatar da waɗannan tsire-tsire a matsayin abubuwan ado, masana'antu da kuma yanayin yanayi. Wannan shine wurin da La Bambuseria ta samo asali, wanda ke da nisan kilomita kaɗan daga babban birnin Andalusia, kuma shine wurin kiwon bamboo na farko da ba ya yin illa a Turai.
"Mun tattara iri 10,000, 7,500 daga cikinsu sun tsiro, kuma mun zaɓi kusan 400 saboda halayensu," in ji Vega Rioja. A dakin gwaje-gwajen shukarsa, wanda ya mamaye hekta ɗaya kawai (kadada 2.47) a cikin kwarin da ke da albarka na Kogin Guadalquivir, ya nuna nau'ikan iri daban-daban waɗanda suka dace da yanayi daban-daban na yanayi: wasu daga cikinsu suna iya jure yanayin zafi har zuwa digiri -12 Celsius (digiri 10.4 Celsius). Fahrenheit). yanayin zafi kuma suna tsira daga guguwar hunturu ta Philomena, yayin da wasu ke girma a cikin hamada. Babban yankin kore ya bambanta da gonakin sunflower da dankalin turawa maƙwabta. Zafin hanyar kwalta a bakin ƙofar shine digiri 40 Celsius (digiri 104 Fahrenheit). Yanayin zafin da ke cikin gandun daji shine digiri 25.1 Celsius (digiri 77.2 Fahrenheit).
Duk da cewa ma'aikata kimanin 50 ne ke girbe dankalin turawa ƙasa da mita 50 daga otal ɗin, amma ana iya jin ƙarar tsuntsaye ne kawai a ciki. An yi nazari sosai kan fa'idodin bamboo a matsayin kayan da ke ɗaukar sauti kuma bincike ya nuna cewa abu ne mai dacewa da ɗaukar sauti.
Amma ƙarfin wannan babban shukar ganye yana da yawa. Bamboo, wanda shine tushen abincin babban panda har ma da bayyanarsa, yana nan a rayuwar ɗan adam tun zamanin da, a cewar Rahoton Kimiyya.
Dalilin wannan dagewa shi ne, baya ga kasancewarsa tushen abinci, tsarinsa na musamman, wanda aka yi nazari a cikin binciken National Science Review, mutane ba su yi watsi da shi ba. An yi amfani da na'urar a cikin ƙira daban-daban ko don adana kuzari har zuwa 20% lokacin jigilar kaya masu nauyi ta amfani da tallafi masu sauƙi. "Waɗannan kayan aiki masu ban mamaki amma masu sauƙi na iya rage aikin hannu na masu amfani," in ji Ryan Schroeder na Jami'ar Calgary a cikin Mujallar Nazarin Halittu.
Wani labarin da aka buga a cikin GCB Bioenergy ya bayyana yadda bamboo zai iya zama tushen ci gaban makamashi mai sabuntawa. "Bioethanol da biochar sune manyan samfuran da za a iya samu," in ji Zhiwei Liang daga Jami'ar Noma da Kimiyyar Rayuwa ta Hungary.
Mabuɗin amfani da bamboo shine rarraba zare a cikin silinda mai rami, wanda aka inganta don haɓaka ƙarfinsa da iya lanƙwasawa. "Yin koyi da sauƙi da ƙarfin bamboo, wata hanya da ake kira biomimicry, ta yi nasara wajen magance matsaloli da yawa a fannin haɓaka kayan aiki," in ji Motohiro Sato na Jami'ar Hokkaido, wanda kuma shi ne marubucin binciken Plos One. Saboda haka, membranes masu ɗauke da ruwa na bamboo sun sanya shi shuka mafi sauri girma a duniya, kuma wannan ya zaburar da ƙungiyar masu bincike a Jami'ar Fasaha ta Queensland don ƙirƙirar na'urorin lantarki masu inganci don caji cikin sauri.
Amfani da kuma amfani da bamboo yana da yawa, tun daga samar da kayan kicin masu lalacewa zuwa samar da kekuna ko kayan daki a dukkan fannoni na gine-gine. Masana kimiyyar halittu guda biyu na Spain sun riga sun fara wannan hanyar. "Ba mu taɓa yin kasa a gwiwa ba wajen bincike," in ji Trillo, wanda dole ne ya ƙara iliminsa na ilmin halitta da ilimin noma. Masu binciken sun yarda cewa ba za su iya gudanar da aikin ba tare da koyarwarsa ba, wanda ya samu daga maƙwabcinsa Emilio Jiménez da digirin masters na aiki.
Alƙawarin da aka yi wa dakunan gwaje-gwajen tsirrai ya sanya Vega-Rioja ta zama ta farko da ta fitar da bamboo bisa doka a Thailand. Shi da Trillo suna ci gaba da gwada kiwo tsakanin tsirrai don samar da wasu halaye na musamman dangane da amfaninsu ko yankin da ake nomawa, ko kuma su yi bincike a duniya don samun iri na musamman wanda zai iya kashe har zuwa dala $10 kowanne don samar da har zuwa nau'ikan renon yara 200.
Ɗaya daga cikin aikace-aikacen da ke da yuwuwar gaggawa da kuma tasiri mai mahimmanci na ɗan gajeren lokaci shine ƙirƙirar wurare masu inuwa masu jure kwari a wasu wurare inda za a iya samun mafita mai jure yanayin yanayi ba tare da amfani da ƙasa kaɗan ba (ana iya dasa bamboo a cikin wurin ninkaya) ba tare da lalacewa ba.
Suna magana ne game da yankunan da ke kusa da manyan hanyoyi, harabar makarantu, wuraren masana'antu, filayen buɗe ido, shingen zama, manyan tituna, ko wuraren da babu ciyayi. Suna da'awar bamboo ba a matsayin madadin mafita ga tsirrai na asali ba, amma a matsayin kayan aikin tiyata ga wuraren da ke buƙatar rufe ciyayi cikin sauri. Wannan yana taimakawa wajen ɗaukar yawan iskar carbon dioxide gwargwadon iko, yana samar da ƙarin iskar oxygen da kashi 35%, kuma yana rage zafin jiki da digiri 15 na Celsius a cikin mawuyacin yanayi.
Farashi ya kama daga €70 ($77) zuwa €500 ($550) a kowace mita na bamboo, ya danganta da farashin samar da shuke-shuken da kuma keɓancewar nau'in da ake so. Ciyawa na iya samar da tsari wanda zai daɗe na ɗaruruwan shekaru, tare da ƙarancin farashi a kowace murabba'in mita na gini, yawan amfani da ruwa a cikin shekaru uku na farko, da kuma ƙarancin amfani da ruwa bayan girma da kuma rashin barci.
Za su iya tallafawa wannan da'awar da makamai na kimiyya. Misali, wani bincike da aka yi kan birane 293 na Turai da aka buga a mujallar Nature ya gano cewa wuraren birane, ko da lokacin da suke kore, suna tara zafi sau biyu zuwa huɗu fiye da wuraren da aka rufe da bishiyoyi ko tsire-tsire masu tsayi. Dazuzzukan bamboo suna ɗaukar carbon dioxide fiye da sauran nau'ikan dazuzzuka.
Lokacin Saƙo: Agusta-14-2023
